WIS235 FORAGES - NONLEGUME 02/26/1990 08:02 AM D1 279 Lines Agriculture Science/ Production Management Forages - Nonlegume (10-20 days) This unit deals with nonlegume forages. Topics include career opportunities, species origin, culture, disease and insect control, and management. Objectives To acquaint students with employment information and career opportunities in the nonlegume forage industry To provide students with instruction and practice in identifying various species of nonleguminous forage plants To develop student understanding of the climate and soil requirements of nonlegumes To assist students in comparing seeding rates for several nonleguminous hay crops To enhance student comprehension of the characteristics of a good seedbed To assist students in comparing seeding methods for hay crops To help students recognize nutrient deficiencies in nonleguminous hay crops To acquaint students with management practices leading to higher yields and increased stand longevity To introduce students to guidelines for selecting varieties of nonleguminous plants for high yield hay crops To assist students in evaluating several nonleguminous plant species for use as hay, green manure, pasture, and silage To develop student understanding of procedures for preventing and controlling disease and insect infestations in nonleguminous crops To give students opportunities to analyze differences in the nutrient value of leguminous and nonleguminous hays Competencies At the conclusion of this unit, students will be able to explain current employment information such as job descriptions, job availability, personal and educational requirements, working conditions, opportunity for advancement, and other factors relative to potential employment in the production of nonlegume forage crops and relate it to their personal needs and aspirations; describe the climate and soil requirements of nonlegumes; explain the plant characteristics of nonleguminous hay crops grown in this area; contrast the suitability of commonly grown nonleguminous crops for hay, pasture, silage, and green manure; discuss the species of nonleguminous hay crops that are commonly grown in this area; select varieties of various species of nonlegumes that are commonly grown for hay and have the best yield potential; list and discuss the characteristics of a good seedbed; recognize plant-food deficiency symptoms in nonleguminous hay crops; explain the relationship between crop maturity and nutritive value; and discuss the relative importance of disease and insects in the production of nonleguminous hay crops. Subject Matter (Basic skills integration areas are shown in brackets following title.) Careers - Current and future employment needs - Job descriptions - Training requirements - Working conditions - Opportunities for advancement - Other factors Importance and distribution [Science, Social Studies] - Origin of the species - Areas where grown - Present acreage and trends - Reason for its popularity - Disadvantages of the various species of nonlegumes grown for hay Characteristics [Science] - Plant description Height Hardiness Longevity Leaf and root characteristics Soil and climate requirements [Science] - Type of soil - Soil drainage and its effect on plant growth - Fertility needs - Temperature and moisture conditions Crop culture [Mathematics, Science] - Time of sowing - Use of companion crops - Seeding mixtures - Rate of seeding - Depth of seeding - Fertilization - Preparation of the seed bed - Plant food deficiency symptoms Crop uses [Mathematics] - Hay production Management practices Species recommended - Pasture production Management practices Species recommended - Silage Relative value Species recommended - Seed production Production location Harvesting method Harvesting concerns Diseases [Science, Social Studies] - Symptoms - Diagnosis - Control measures Insects [Science, Social Studies] - Symptoms - Diagnosis - Control measures Motivational Activities Take field trips to local farms and test plots. Post bulletin board displays or create charts depicting the different uses of nonleguminous forages. View films, videotapes, and slides on topics related to this unit. Learning Activities Participate in a Supervised Agricultural Experience program. Collect, identify, and prepare mounts of: - nonleguminous plant, leaf, root, and seed specimens; - nonleguminous plants damaged by insects; - and diseased legume plants. Conduct germination tests on nonlegume seeds. Observe or take part in a silage- or haylage-making exercise. Participate in a forage judging exercise. Instructional Materials Textbooks and References Approved Practices in Crop Production by Elwood A. Brickbauer and William P. Mortenson. 2nd ed. Danville, IL: Interstate, 1978. Available from National Farm Book Company. Crop Production by Richard Delorit and Louis Greub. 5th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1984. Available from National Farm Book Company. Forage Management by Dale Smith et al. 5th ed. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt, 1986. Available from National Farm Book Company. Producing Farm Crops by Lester V. Boone et al. 3rd ed. Danville, IL: Interstate, 1981. Available from National Farm Book Company. Bulletins and Pamphlets The following are available from the Cooperative Extension Service. Characteristics of Forage Legumes and Grasses. A2906. Pest Management in Wisconsin Forages and Small Grains. A1981. Oats For Forage. A2590. Perennial Legume Forage Crop Variety Update for Wisconsin. A1525-1. Profitable Forages. A2466. Sac Smooth Bromegrass. A2042. Seed Treatments to Control Small Grain and Forage Diseases. A1453. Supplementary and Emergency Forage Crops. A1119. Take a Good Forage Sample. A2309. Verdant Timothy. A2216. Winter Injury to Forages. A2905. Periodicals Agri-View The Country Today Crop Production Wisconsin Agriculturist Wisconsin Forager Computer Software The following are available from Hobar Publications. Grasses and Legumes and Related Review. Apple, IBM, TRS, Macintosh. Hay and Forage Harvesting Equipment and Related Review. Apple, IBM, TRS, Macintosh. The following is available from Mid States Agri-Technology Associates, Ltd. Micro-Tutor: Forages. Apple, IBM. The following is available from Midwest Agribusinesses Services, Inc. Agri-Quiz: Small Grains. Apple, IBM. On-line Computer Networks The following are available from Ag Ed Network, AgriData Resources, Inc. Hay/Forage Marketing Decisions. HS363. Identifying Hay Market Routes. HS359. Markets for Hay. HS354. Laboratory Resources Crop plant mounts. Films, Videotapes, and Slides The following are available from the Gehl Company. Hay Today. (16mm film, color, 30 minutes). 1980. Hay Tools Headquarters. (16mm film, color, 14 minutes). 1983. The following are available from Hobar Publications. Crop, Hay and Silage Judging. D3 (53 slides with cassette, 19 minutes). Grass Crops. D25 (183 slides). The following is available from Photocom. Forage Crop Harvest and Storage. 30-753 (VHS videotape, color, 45 minutes). The following are available from Teaching Aids, Inc. Forage Crop Production: Seeding and Establishing Forage Crops. CD15400751 (VHS videotape, 45 minutes). Managing the Established Crop: Harvest, Storage, and Management - Parts I and II. CD15400752 (Part I, VHS videotape, 40 minutes) and CD15400753 (Part II, VHS videotape, 45 minutes).