WIS246 FRUIT SCIENCE 02/26/1990 08:05 AM D1 284 Lines Agriculture Science/Production Management Fruit Science (10-20 days) This unit deals with fruit production. Topics include career opportunities, background and history of fruit production in Wisconsin, fruit and nut production areas, species selection, propagation, cultural practices, harvesting, storage, and marketing. Objectives To acquaint students with employment information and career opportunities in the fruit production industry To assist students in understanding the background and history of fruit production in Wisconsin To familiarize students with areas suitable for fruit production To provide students with knowledge of fruit species and propagation methods To increase student understanding of cultural practices in fruit production To acquaint students with proven harvesting and storage procedures To familiarize students with the efficient marketing of fruit products Competencies At the conclusion of this unit, students will be able to explain current employment information such as job descriptions, job availability, personal and educational requirements, working conditions, opportunity for advancement, and other factors relative to potential employment in the fruit production industry and relate it to their personal needs and aspirations; outline the history of fruit production in Wisconsin; explain the extent and nature of fruit production in Wisconsin; identify other major fruit production areas at the national and international levels; relate the location of production areas to soil conditions, climate, and market locations; identify the various fruit species grown in Wisconsin; list general cultural requirements of various fruit species; explain propagation techniques for various fruit species; outline procedures for establishing plantings of various fruit crops; list cultural practices associated with specific fruit species; explain harvesting and storage procedures for fruit crops; and understand the marketing and distribution mechanisms for fruit crops. Subject Matter (Basic skills integration areas are shown in brackets following title.) Careers - Current and future employment needs - Job descriptions - Training requirements - Working conditions - Opportunities for advancement - Other factors History of fruit production in Wisconsin Fruit and nut production [Careers] - World - United States - Wisconsin Temperate zone pomology Orchard site Soils Climatic conditions Growing seasons - Locations related to markets - Concentrated versus isolated plantings Fruit species and methods of propagation [Mathematics, Science] - General plant environment Apples Pears Plums Cherries (sour) Walnuts Berries 1.strawberries 2.blueberries 3.raspberries 4. currants 5.gooseberries Vines 1.cranberry 2.grape - Root stocks Propagation 1.seeds 2.vegetative propagation cuttings layering budding and grafting Performance 1.function 2.growth control 3.tolerance to different soils 4.soil pests Types 1.apple root stocks 2.pear root stocks 3.cherry root stocks 4.grape root stocks - Establishing the planting Location Spacing Care of the young orchard High density systems Cultural Practices [Science] - Soils Soil type and texture Soil mixture Irrigation Soil management and weed control Nutrient availability Fertilizer practice - Pruning Apples Cherries Pears Plums Walnuts Berries Vines Harvest [Science] - Preharvest treatment - Hand harvest - Mechanical harvest Shake and catch system Pick-up harvest system - Post-harvest, storage, and nutritional value Ripening Cold storage Quality Marketing [Careers] - Transport - Cooperatives Motivational Activities Sample various fruit products grown in Wisconsin. Post a state map that identifies the location of fruit-growing areas. Invite local fruit producers to give class presentations. Take field trips to orchards and fruit-producing farms. Develop group projects on related careers that illustrate educational requirements, skills, and other occupational aspects. Demonstrate fruit preservation methods, such as dehydration, canning, and freezing. Learning Activities Participate in a Supervised Agricultural Experience program. Compile a list of careers and occupations related to the fruit industry. List all major fruit production areas in the state. Interview an orchard owner or fruit producer and report on it to the class. Plan an orchard layout. Invite a family and consumer economics instructor to discuss fruit preservation. Develop marketing strategies for a particular fruit crop. Demonstrate vegetative propagation for a variety of fruits. Instructional Materials Textbooks and References Approved Practices in Fruit and Vine Production by Arnold H. Scheer and E.M. Juergenson. 2nd ed. Danville, IL: Interstate, 1976. Available from National Farm Book Company. Fruits and Berries for the Home Garden by Lewis Hill. Pownal, VT: Storey Communications, 1980. Available from National Farm Book Company. Modern Fruit Science by Norman Childers. 9th ed. Gainesville, FL: Horticultural Publishings, 1983. Plant Growth and Development by Aldo C. Leopold and Paul E. Kriedemann. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975. Pruning Handbook. Menlo Park, CA: Sunset Books/Lane Publishing, 1983. Available from National Farm Book Company. Temperate Zone Pomology by Melvin N. Westwood. New York: W.H. Freeman, 1978. Bulletins and Pamphlets The following are available from the Cooperative Extension Service. Diseases of Tree Fruits. NCR45 Growing Nuts. NCR237. Home Fruit Cultivars for Southern Wisconsin. A2582. Powdery Mildew of Apple. A8NYDS4. Why Fruit Plants Die. A3121. Periodicals American Fruit Grower Fruit Varieties Journal Good Fruit Grower Pomona Computer Software The following is available from Mid States Agri-Technology Associates, Ltd. Micro-Tutor: Pruning. Apple, IBM. The following are available from the Midwest Agribusiness Services, Inc. Agri-Quiz: Home Fruits and Berries. Apple. Agri-Quiz: Nursery/Landscaping. Apple. On-line Computer Networks The following are available from Ag Ed Network, AgriData Resources, Inc. Fruit Cooperative Membership. HS116. Identify Apple Market Routes. HS439. Sources of Apple Market Facts. HS442. Films, Videotapes, and Slides The following is available from Hobar Publications. Pruning. H-VT1106 (VHS videotape, color, 56 minutes). The following are available from Nasco. Agricultural Cooperatives. C10554N (Color filmstrip with cassette). Budding and Grafting. C10433N (Color filmstrip with cassette and script). Grape Vineyard Establishment and Maintenance. C104983N (Color filmstrip with cassette). Pruning Orchard Trees. C10104N (41-frame color filmstrip). Strawberry Production. C12752N (76-frame color filmstrip). The following are available from Photocom. Elements of Pruning. 01-6012-0 (VHS videotape, 13 minutes). Pruning Deciduous Fruit Trees. 41-011 (Color filmstrip with cassette).