WIS257 GINSENG 02/26/1990 08:07 AM D1 399 Lines Agriculture Science/Production Management Ginseng (5-10 days) This unit deals with the specialty crop of ginseng. Topics include career opportunities, plant description, marketing and demand, production costs, equipment and machinery identification, chemical and pest control, ginseng culture, planting and first-year establishment, maintenance during years two through four, harvest of roots, and problems with ginseng. Objectives To acquaint students with employment information and career opportunities in ginseng production To introduce students to the morphology of the ginseng plant To develop student understanding in the marketing of ginseng To acquaint students with equipment and practices involved in the production of ginseng To enhance student understanding of costs and problems associated with ginseng production Competencies At the conclusion of this unit, students will be able to explain current employment information such as job descriptions, job availability, personal and educational requirements, working conditions, opportunity for advancement, and other factors relative to potential employment in the area of ginseng production and marketing and relate it to their personal needs and aspirations; identify the various ginseng plant parts; identify and explain the impact of several factors affecting the ginseng market; list several criteria for evaluating the ginseng quality; calculate ginseng production costs; name and explain the purpose of implements used in ginseng production; choose appropriate chemical products and application methods for ginseng production; identify and explain major cultural practices used to grow ginseng from seed to maturity; list the different methods of harvesting ginseng; and outline several social and economic problems that ginseng producers encounter. Subject Matter (Basic skills integration areas are shown in brackets following title.) Careers - Current and future employment needs - Job descriptions - Training requirements - Working conditions - Opportunities for advancement - Other factors Description [Science] - Scientific classification Panax quinquefolium - Physical description Plant and foliage Root identification Types of ginseng [Science] - Sam-Sam - Indonesian - Manchurian - Korean (red root) - American Marathon County, Wisconsin Kentucky - Canadian - Japanese - Wild root Markets and demand [Careers, Mathematics, Social Studies] - Ginseng uses Medical Herbal Beverage - Places to market Local Export Processed - Price determination from supply and demand levels - Marketing methods Advertising Bidding Growers groups - Ginseng quality Shape of roots Cleanliness Root texture Root dryness Root size Root color Root age Type of ginseng 1.wild 2.domestic - Government controls Licensing Pesticide applications Ginseng production costs [Careers, Science, Social Studies] - Structures Drying areas Ginseng houses - Property taxes - Income tax - Labor Wages Benefits - Chemicals - Machinery - Insurance - Equipment Ginseng equipment and machinery identification [Science] - Tractor - Seeders Hand Spreader Automatic multi-row - Drag-quackdigger - Sprayers - Drying equipment Racks Fans Stoves - Straw shredder - Seed depulper - Diggers - Washers - Wagons Chemicals and pest control in ginseng [Science] - Chemical regulations Private application and licensing Commercial application and licensing Safety - Insecticides Chemical (manmade) 1.Diazinon 2.Sevin 3.Malathion Biological 1.Dipel 2.Thuricide 3.Doom 4.Permaquard fossil spray Natural chemicals 1.Rotonone 2.Tyania 3.Sabadilla 4.Pyrethrins - Herbicides Roundup Paraquat Fusilade - Fungicides Formeldehyde Dexon M-22, M-45 Clorex Methyl Bromide Captan Vapam Bravo Vorley - Rodenticides Zinc phosphides Warfarin - Nematocides Vydat Others - Hormones Terr-O-Gel Others Ginseng culture [Science] - Site selection Soil types preferred Drainage Slope - Soil fertility requirements Calcium Phosphorus Potassium Nitrogen pH Lime Minor nutrients - Light requirements - Temperature needs Planting and growing ginseng - first year [Science] - Seed selection Green seed Stratified seed Fast stratified seed - Seedbed preparation Plowing Spraying Debris removal Dragging Raising the bed - Planting methods - Mulching Types 1.straw 2.sawdust oak poplar cedar 3.leaves Quality Cost Benefit 1.weed control 2.plant injury reductions heaving severe temperature drying out frost injury Maintenance - second year through the fourth year [Science] - Spraying Chemical products Schedules - Weeding and weed control - Berry harvest and process Pulp removal Stratification Stoning seed Selling seed Root harvest [Science] - Harvest methods - Drying methods - Storage methods Ginseng management [Science, Social Studies] - Pests Insects and related pests 1.lygus bug 2.root knot nematode 3.slugs 4.wire worms 5.cut worms 6.root mealy bugs 7.aphids Controls 1.cultural 2.biological 3.chemical Rodent control - Diseases Types 1.aternaria blight 2.phytophthora cactorium 3.pythium 4.sclerotia 5.fusaria 6.others Controls 1.cultural 2.biological 3.chemical - Theft Storage protection systems Garden protection systems Government regulations - Markets - Environmental effects Motivational Activities Take a field trip to a ginseng garden. Tour the ginseng-producing area of Wisconsin in Marathon County. Attend Ginseng Days in Marathon County, Wisconsin. Provide samples of ginseng products, such as ginseng tea, to the class. Invite to the class a ginseng grower to explain how the crop is grown or a ginseng buyer to describe how it is marketed. Learning Activities Identify ginseng by quality. Start a ginseng plot. Collect plants that look similar to ginseng and that grow in the same type of soil. Collect and display labels from ginseng products. Instructional Materials Textbooks and References The Complete Book of Ginseng by Richard Heffern. Berkeley, CA: Celestial Arts Publishing, 1976. The Complete Ginseng Growers Manual by David F. Curran. Hamburg, WI: D.F. Curran Productions, 1983. Ginseng by Pamela Dixon. London, England: Duckworth, 1976. Ginseng: What It Is, What It Can Do For You by Ben Harris. New Canaen, CT: Keats Publishing, 1978. Ginseng Culture in Marathon County by Lenc Polezinski. Stevens Point, WI: University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, Thesis Publication, 1982. Available from Marathon County Public Library. The Ginseng Disease and Pest Reference Guide. Hamburg, WI: D.F. Curran Productions, 1985. The Tao of Medicine: Ginseng, Oriental Remedies, and the Pharmacology of Harmony by Stephen Fulder. Rochester, VT: Inner Traditions International, Ltd., 1987. The Truth about Ginseng. San Diego, CA: A.S. Barnes, 1978. Woodland Nuggets of Gold: The Story of American Ginseng Cultivation by Val Hardacre. Northville, MI: Holland House Press, 1974. Bulletins and Pamphlets The following is available from United States Government Printing Office. Growing Ginseng. Farmers Bulletin Number 2201. Periodicals Curran's Ginseng Farmer Computer Software The following are available from Midwest Agribusiness Services, Inc. Agri-ID: The Plant. Apple. Agri-ID: The Leaf. Apple. On-line Computer Networks The following are available from the Ag Ed Network, AgriData Resources, Inc. Benefits of Chemical Use. HS696. Integrated Pest Management. HS629. Reading Chemical Container Labels. HS697. Safe Use of Pesticides. HS698. Laboratory Resources Hellige-Truog soil test kits Ginseng plants, stems, berries, and root mounts Soils testing laboratory Films, Videotapes, and Slides Slides on ginseng production; contact Tom Kaiser, Vocational Agriculture Department, Stratford High School, Stratford, WI 54486. Equipment and Facilities Computer Greenhouse Ginseng plot