WIS377 PLANT SCIENCE 02/26/1990 08:59 AM D1 315 Lines Agriculture Science/Production Management Plant Science (10-90 days) This unit deals with various aspects of plant science. Topics include career opportunities, plant anatomy, physiological processes, germination, plant requirements, and plant diseases. Objectives To acquaint students with employment information and career opportunities in the plant science industry To enable students to distinguish between monocotyledonous and dicotlyedonous plants To develop student understanding of basic plant morphology To develop student understanding of the germination process and of factors affecting germination To develop student understanding of the concept of osmosis To develop student appreciation of the importance of photosynthesis To help students differentiate between photosynthesis and respiration To enhance student understanding of plant reproduction To provide students with instruction and practice in propagating plants using a variety of methods To familiarize students with the various parts of the cell and their functions To increase student comprehension of the nutrient requirements of a plant To introduce students to the process of transpiration in plants Competencies At the conclusion of this unit, students will be able to explain current employment information such as job descriptions, job availability, personal and educational requirements, working conditions, opportunity for advancement, and other factors relative to potential employment in the plant science industry and relate it to their personal needs and aspirations; draw and label the parts of a corn and a bean seed; conduct and evaluate a germination test; demonstrate the process of osmosis; explain the chemical changes that take place during photosynthesis; discuss the requirements that must be met if photosynthesis is to occur; write and explain the chemical formula for respiration; discuss the importance of respiration in plant growth; draw and label the parts of a complete flower; explain the process of fertilization in plants; apply the methods of plant propogation; explain the function of a plant cell; list the basic parts of a plant cell; explain the function of roots and the different types; explain the function of stems and the different types; discuss the various leaf arrangements; distinguish differences between the functions of the xylem and the phloem; list the major elements that plants require; explain the process of transpiration; identify damage that pollutants cause; and list the five types of microorganisms that cause diseases. Subject Matter (Basic skills integration areas are shown in brackets following title.) Careers - Current and future employment needs - Job descriptions - Training requirements - Working conditions - Opportunities for advancement - Other factors Seed [Science] - Main parts - Function of each part Germination [Science] - Conditions needed for it to happen - Steps or changes that take place during the process - Location of the root, hypocotyl, and epicotyl - Stages in the germination and emergence of a bean plant - Define node and internode - Location of the food supply in seeds - Crops having an active hypocotyl - Crops having an inactive hypocotyl How plants manufacture their foods [Science] - Define photosynthesis - Conditions necessary for the process of photosynthesis to take place - Types of chlorophyll - Raw materials - Manufactured product - By-product of the process - Stages of photosynthesis Plant nutrients [Science] - Define a plant nutrient, an element - Elements necessary for normal plant growth - The process of diffusion - The process of osmosis - Movement of nutrients within the plant Respiration [Science] - Chemical reactions involved in the process - Respiration in higher forms of plant life - Surplus foods Water [Science] - Its functions in the life of a plant - Meaning of the term "water requirement" - Amount required by different species - The process of transpiration - Factors affecting the water requirement of plants Reproduction of plants [Science] - Methods of reproduction - Components of a complete flower - Characteristics and functions of the flower components - The similarities and differences of flowers - The production of pollen and its function - The process of pollination, self-pollination, and cross-pollination - Steps or stages that take place from the time of pollination to fertilization - Define fertilization - Asexual reproduction Plant composition [Science] - Makeup of plant cells - Purpose of plant roots - Types of plant roots - Purpose of plant stems - Difference between a herbaceous and a woody stem - Purpose of plant leaves - Types of leaves - Three main leaf arrangements - Purpose of the xylem and the phloem Longevity of plants [Science] - Annuals - Biennials - Perennials Effects of air pollutants on plants [Science] - Extent of the problem - Different types of pollutants and their symptoms Plant diseases and causes [Science] - Five types of microorganisms that cause diseases - Conditions favorable for diseases - Control of diseases Classifications of plants [Science] - Need for classification - Development of the present classification system - Common and scientific names - Important families of agricultural plants - Agricultural crops belonging to the Gramineae family Motivational Activities Take field trips to farms, test plots, gardens, and greenhouses. Invite resource speakers, such as a county extension agent for horticulture or a greenhouse manager, to give class presentations. Display models showing the parts of a flower. Provide preserved plant specimens for observation. Post bulletin board displays featuring topics related to this unit. Use films, filmstrips, slides, transparencies, videotapes, and computer software to teach the class about plant growth. Learning Activities Participate in a Supervised Agricultural Experience program. Collect and prepare a display of common crop seeds. Conduct experiments on seed germination, osmosis, and diffusion. Dissect corn and bean seeds and identify their parts. Collect and identify the different flowers and their parts. Classify plants grown in the community. Classify plants found in pictures and films. Use plant specimens to identify plant species and their morphology. Instructional Materials Textbooks and References Crop Production by Richard Delorit and Louis Greub. 5th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1984. Available from National Farm Book Company. Horticulture: A Basic Awareness by Robert F. Baudendistel. Reston, VA: Reston Publishing, 1979. Horticulture: Principles and Practice Applications by Raymond P. Poincelot. Englewood Cliffs: NJ: Prentice Hall,1980. Available from National Farm Book Company. Modern Corn Production by Samual R. Aldrich. Champaign, IL: A&L Publications, 1986. Available from National Farm Book Company. Modern Soybean Production by Walter O. Scott and Samual R. Aldrich. Cincinnati, OH: Farm Quarterly, 1983. Available from National Farm Book Company. Producing Vegetable Crops by George W. Ware and J.P. McCollum. 3rd ed. Danville, IL: Interstate, 1980. Available from National Farm Book Company. Bulletins and Pamphlets The following is available from the Cooperative Extension Service. How a Corn Plant Develops. A81ASR48. How a Soybean Plant Develops. A81ASR53. Soil Test Recommendations for Field, Vegetable and Fruit Crops. A2809. Young Greenhouse, Bedding, Garden and Landscape Plant Disorders: Damping Off. A2700. Periodicals Crop Science Computer Software The following are available from Midwest Agribusiness Services, Inc. Agri-ID: The Plant. Apple. Agri-Quiz: Crops. Apple, IBM. The following is available from Shannon Software, Ltd. The Gardener's Assistant. Apple, IBM. On-line Computer Networks The following are available from Ag Ed Network, AgriData Resources, Inc. Crop Enterprise Selection. HS132. Crop Production Plans. ADN57. Plant Science. CLF300. Films, Videotapes, and Slides The following are available from Agri-Farm Publications, Inc. Botany for Gardeners. 4013 (Two filmstrips with cassettes, program guide, and reproducible masters). Requirements for Health. 4015 (Three filmstrips with cassettes, program guide, and reproducible masters). The following are available from Photocom. The Indoor Plant Care Series. 41-567 (Three filmstrips with cassettes). Plant Propagation. 01-6044-1 (Volume I) and 01-6044-2 (Volume II). (VHS videotape, 25 minutes.) 1987. Vegetable Gardening. 41-009 (Filmstrip with cassette). The following is available from Teaching Aids, Inc. Careers in Horticulture. GA-2-7862 (Two filmstrips with cassettes, library kit, and teacher's guide).