WIS382 POLLUTION 02/26/1990 09:00 AM D1 420 Lines Agriculture Resources Management Pollution (5-15 days) This unit deals with pollution. Topics include career opportunities, pollutant sources, chemical and physical properties of pollutants, pollutant concentrations, effects of air pollution, air quality, water sources, demand for water, water quality, watershed protection, and water treatment. Objectives To acquaint students with employment information and career opportunities in the pollution control industry To develop student understanding of atmospheric and geological processes affecting distribution and movement of pollutants in the environment To develop student understanding of the sources and properties of various pollutants To create student awareness of how pollutants are measured and described To facilitate student inquiry into the effects of various pollutants To help students assess alternative pollution control methods To prepare students to develop a written plan for a specific pollution problem Competencies At the conclusion of this unit, students will be able to explain current employment information such as job descriptions, job availability, personal and educational requirements, working conditions, opportunity for advancement, and other factors relative to potential employment in the pollution-control industry and relate it to their personal needs and aspirations; demonstrate an understanding of the natural processes that occur in the atmosphere; list sources of air pollutants and describe their effects on the environment; describe the physical, chemical, and radioactive properties of various pollutants; demonstrate the ability to express concentrations of smoke density, suspended particulates, dust fall, and radioactive material; describe the use of planned industrial site selection and zoning for maintaining air quality; list and describe various types of air pollution control equipment; describe three natural ways to control air pollution; test the oxygen content of a pond or stream to an accuracy of two parts per million; test pH of pond or stream water to within one pH-level of accuracy; test water temperature of lake or pond to within accuracy of three degrees; develop a complete written management plan for a designated stream, lake, or pond; understand some of the properties of pollutants; and recognize possible sources and types of pollution. Subject Matter (Basic skills integration areas are shown in brackets following title.) Careers - Current and future employment needs - Job descriptions - Training requirements - Working conditions - Opportunities for advancement - Other factors Sources of pollutants [Science] - Industry - Municipalities - Individuals - Internal combustion - Agriculture - Natural Physical properties [Science] - Particulates Size Prevalence Properties - Gases Chemical properties [Science] - Sulfur Sulfur dioxide Hydrogen sulfite - Carbon Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide Soot - Hydrocarbons Olefins Aromatics - Nitrogen Nitric oxide Nitrogen dioxide - Fluorine - Ozone - Other pollutants Lead Beryllium Arsenic Asbestos Radioactivity 1.nature of radioactivity alpha rays beta rays gamma rays 2.isotopes 3.ionization 4.radioactivity sources 5.radioactivity symptoms Expressing concentration of pollutants [Science] - Smoke density - Suspended particulates - Dust fall - Radioactive materials - Gases Effects of air pollution [Science, Social Studies] - Human and animal health - Visibility - Climate - Vegetation - Economic aspects - Materials Maintaining air quality [Careers, Science, Social Studies] - Site selection and zoning Planning and land use Zoning ordinance Large air pollution zoning jurisdictions Interstate contracts International agreements Plant locations - Controlling air pollution Process change 1.substitution of raw materials or fuel 2.modification of equipment 3.improvement of operating procedures Application of control equipment 1.gravity settling chambers 2.inertial separaters 3.cyclone separaters 4.filters 5.electrostatic precipitators 6.scrubbers 7.incinerators Sources of water [Science] - Rainwater Area Storage Cisterns - Surface water supplies Ponds and lakes Rivers Groundwater supplies 1.springs 2.shallow wells 3.deep wells 4.artesian wells 5.infiltration galleries 6.filter crib and flooded areas Demand for water [Social Studies] - Agriculture - Residential - Industrial - Fire - Demand factors Living standards Climate Quality Size of city Watershed protection [Careers, Social Studies] - Wastewater pollution Residential Industrial - Recreation - Erosion Evaluating water quality [Science] - Potability Microorganisms Taste Odor Other - Chemical Calcium Magnesium Iron Manganese Sulfur Carbon dioxide Methane - Physical Hardness Corrosiveness Color - Manufactured pollutants Phenols Metal wastes Acids - Natural pollutants Fluorides Phosphates Manganese Iron Nitrates Water treatment [Science] - Plain sedimentation - Aeration - Sand filter - Coagulation - Storage sedimentation - Chlorination - Softening - Stabilization - Fluoridation - Corrosion control - Algae control - Taste and odor control - Demineralization Motivational Activities Take field trips to - a factory to observe its pollution-control devices in action, - a water-testing laboratory, - a garage to see a demonstration of an automobile's emission-control devices, and - a watershed to locate possible sources of pollution in the area. Set up classroom demonstrations by - filling various size containers with water and monitoring the evaporation from them. - putting sweet potatoes in a water-filled container to demonstrate loss through transpiration. - filling containers with water from different sources and conducting periodic bacteria counts. Invite resource people, such as the following, to give class presentations: - a representative from a health-related association to describe the effects of air pollution on humans and animals, and - a public health official to explain the importance of having a safe water supply. Survey the community and list possible sources of pollution. Learning Activities Participate in a Supervised Agricultural Experience program. Examine air pollution data to become familiar with the terminology for expressing concentrations of pollutants. Examine vegetation to observe how air pollution affects growth rates. Identify the three largest water consumers in the area and determine their daily water consumption. Monitor how many inches of rain falls on an acre of land over a given period of time and convert it into gallons. Set up a rain gauge and keep a daily record of rainfall for the duration of the module. Locate the permanent rainfall checkpoints and determine the rainfall distribution pattern. Collect water samples from various sources and, using a water-pollution detection kit, determine the presence or concentrations of the following: alkalinity, ammonia, calcium, carbon dioxide, chloride, chlorine, chromium, copper, cyanide, dissolved solids, iron, magnesium, nitrates, phosphates, selenates, and sulfur. Practice determining the pH and hardness of fresh water supplies. Collect samples of water for testing. Interpret laboratory water test results. Determine the boundaries for your local watershed. Instructional Materials Textbooks and References Air Pollution by Arthur C. Stern. 3rd ed. New York: Academic Press, 1986. Air Pollution Experiments for Junior and Senior High School Classes by Donald C. Hunter. 2nd ed. Pittsburgh, PA: Air Pollution Control Association, 1972. Air Pollution Primer by Rena Corman. New York: American Lung Association, 1978. Elements of Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal by Gordon Maskew Fair et al. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1971. Environmental Science by P.W. Purdon and S.H. Anderson. 2nd ed. Columbus, OH: Merrill Publishing, 1983. A Guide to the Study of Environmental Pollution by W.A. Andrews. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1972. Water and Wastewater Technology. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, 1968. Water Quality and Its Control by J.C. Lamb. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1985. Pamphlets and Bulletins The following are available from the Cooperative Extension Service. Acid Rain in Wisconsin: Sulfur Emissions: A Soil "Balance" Perspective. G3305-1. Acid Rain Measurements: What They Mean. G3305-2. Aldicarb and Wisconsin's Groundwater. G3218. Drinking Water Contamination: Understanding the Risks. G3339. Nonpoint Pollution: Causes and Consequences. G2956. Pesticides in Groundwater: How They Get There; What Happens to Them, How to Keep Them Out. G3213. Solid Waste Disposal. G2854. Using Whey on Agricultural land - A Disposal Alternative. G3098. Wisconsin's Sensitivity to Acid Rain: The Role of Geologic Materials and Soils. G3305-3. The following are available from the Minnesota Extension Service. Controlling Odors From Swine Buildings. AG-FO-2506. Designing Sewage Treatment Systems for Resorts. AG-BU-0542. Iron in Drinking Water. AG-FO-1318. Noise - The Invisible Agricultural Hazard. AG-FO-0816. Town and Country Sewage Treatment. AG-BU-1360. Water Quality for Livestock and Poultry. AG-FO-1864. The following is available from the Ohio Agricultural Education Curriculum Materials Service. Control of Water Erosion and Sediment Pollution. 5013N. Periodicals Environmental Pollution Soil and Water Conservation News Wisconsin Natural Resources Laboratory Resources The following is available from the Central Wisconsin Groundwater Center. Groundwater Flow Model Films, Videotapes, and Slides The following are available from the Bureau of Audio Visual Instruction. Acid From Heaven. 07124 (16mm film, color, 30 minutes). National Film Board of Canada, 1982. Environment. 00586 (16mm film, color, 29 minutes). BFA Films, 1971. Man's Effect on the Environment. 00588 (16mm film, color, 14 minutes). BFA Films, 1971. 1985. 09219 (16mm film, color, 56 minutes). Films, Inc., 1970. Noise - Polluting the Environment. 09264 (16mm film, color, 16 minutes). Encyclopedia Britannica Educational Corporation, 1971. Poisoned Planet. 07907 (16mm film, color, 19 minutes) . CRM/McGraw-Hill, 1970. Pollution: How Much Is a Clean Environment Worth 10780 (VHS videotape, color, 30 minutes). Annenberg/CPB Project, 1986. Pollution of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere. 00777 (16mm film, color, 17 minutes). Learning Corporation of America, 1975. Solutions to Pollution. 08649 (16mm film, color, 17 minutes). Academy, 1971. Equipment and Facilities Water-testing laboratory equipment Water test kits